The new homecoming version of the Manchester Adult Education Service Learning Platform is now live at www.man-adulted.org.uk

I have just begun a major development project on behalf of Oakridge Online for one of their largest pharmaceutical clients. With an international team of consultants Oakridge will soon be delivering a blended training programme to a large number of deligates from the US, Sweden and UK with plans to pick up in Bangalore, Asia Pacific and Moscow.

Oakridge Online is based on the increasingly popular Course Management System or Virtual Learning Environment Moodle. The new 360 degree assessment tool that I am currently developing for Oakridge Training and Consulting integrates seamlessly with Moodle but if needed can be implemented as an entirely stand-alone application. Oakridge will be developing questions for the 360 degree feedback to support their Decision Making programme. The Feedback application however is being designed as a generic 360 degree feedback tool using the rating-scale question type typical of the 360 degree assessment model, so Oakridge Training and Consulting will be able to develop unique 360 degree assessments for all their future online programmes.

‘Blended learning is the combination of multiple approaches to learning. For example:- self-paced, collaborative or inquiry-based study. Blended learning can be accomplished through the use of ‘blended’ virtual and physical resources. Examples include combinations of technology-based materials, face-to-face sessions and print materials.’

Read more at Oakridge Online

Language

The default Moodle installation includes many Language packs. A language pack is a set of translations for the Moodle interface. Language packs translate the Moodle interface, and not the course content. Here’s the Front Page of a site when the user selects Spanish from the language menu:

Note that every aspect of the interface is being presented in Spanish: menu names, menu items, section names, buttons, and system messages. Now, let’s take a look at the same Front Page when the user selects Romanian from the language menu:

Note that much of the interface has not been translated. For example, the Site Administration menu and section name for Site news are still in English. When a part of Moodle’s interface is not translated into the selected language, Moodle uses the English version.

Language Files

When you install an additional language, Moodle places the language pack in its data directory under the subdirectory /lang. It creates a subdirectory for each language files. The following screenshot shows the results of installing the International Spanish and Romanian languages:

For example, the subdirectory, /lang/en_us, holds files for the U.S. English translation, and /lang/es_es holds the files for traditional Spanish (Espanol / Espana).

The name of the subdirectory is the ‘language code’. Knowing this code will come in handy later. In the previous example, es_utf8 tells us that the language code for International Spanish is es.

Inside a language pack’s directory, we see a list of files that contain the translations:

For example, the /lang/es_utf8/forum.php file holds text used on the forum pages. Let us suppose that we are creating a course for students. This file would include the text that is displayed to the course creator while creating the forum, and the text that is displayed to the students when they use the forum. Here are the first few lines from the English version of that file:

$string['addanewdiscussion'] = 'Add a new discussion topic';
$string['addanewtopic'] = 'Add a new topic';
$string['advancedsearch'] = 'Advanced search';

And here are the same first three lines from the Spanish version of that file:

$string['addanewdiscussion'] = 'Colocar un nuevo tema de discusión aquí';
$string['addanewtopic'] = 'Agregar un nuevo tema';
$string['advancedsearch'] = 'Búsqueda avanzada';

The biggest task in localizing Moodle consists of translating these language files into the appropriate languages. Some translations are surprisingly complete. For example, most of the interface has been translated to Irish Gaelic, even though this language is used by only about 350,000 people everyday. The Romanian interface remains mostly untranslated although Romania has a population of over 23 million. This means that if a Moodle user chooses the Romanian language (ro), most of the interface will still default to English.

Language Settings

You access the Language settings page from the Site Administration menu.

Default Language and Display Language Menu

The Default language setting specifies the language that users will see when they first encounter your site. If you also select Display language menu, users can change the language. Selecting this displays a language menu on your Front Page.

Languages on Language Menu and Cache Language Menu

The setting Languages on language menu enables you to specify the languages that users can pick from the language menu. There are directions for you to enter the ‘language codes’. These codes are the names of the directories which hold the Language packs. In the subsection on Language Files on the previous page, you saw that the directory es_utf8 holds the language files for International Spanish. If you wanted to enter that language in the list, it would look like this:

Leaving this field blank will enable your students to pick from all available languages. Entering the names of languages in this field limits the list to only those entered.

Sitewide Locale

Enter a language code into this field, and the system displays dates in the format appropriate to that language.

Excel Encoding

Most of the reports that Moodle generates can be downloaded as Excel files. User logs and grades are two examples. This setting lets you choose the encoding for those Excel files.

Your choices are Unicode and Latin. The default is Unicode, because this character set includes many more characters other than Latin. In many cases, Latin encoding doesn’t offer enough characters to completely represent a non-English language.

Offering Courses in Multiple Languages

The settings on the Language settings page are also applicable for translating the Moodle interface. However, they are not applicable for translating course content. If you want to offer course content in multiple languages, you have several choices. First, you could put all the different languages into each course. That is, each document would appear in a course in several languages. For example, if you offered a botany course in English and Spanish, you might have a document defining the different types of plants in both English and Spanish, side by side in the same course–Types of Plants or Tipos de Plantaras. While taking the course, students would select the documents in their language. Course names would appear in only one language.

Second, you could create separate courses for each language, and offer them on the same site. Course names would appear in each language. In this case, students would select the course in English or Spanish– Basic Botany or Botánica Básica.

Third, you could create a separate Moodle site for each language, for example, http://moodle.williamrice.com/english and http://moodle.williamrice.com/spanish. At the Home Page of your site, students would select their language and would be directed to the correct Moodle installation. In this case, the entire Moodle site would appear in the students’ language: the site name, the menus, the course names, and the course content. These are things you should consider before installing Moodle.

Installing Additional Languages

To install additional languages, you must be connected to the Internet. Then, from the Site Administration menu, select Language | Language packs. The page displays a list of all available Language packs:

This list is taken from Moodle’s /install/lang directory. In that directory, you will find a folder for each language pack that can be installed.

The folder contains a file called install.php. That file retrieves the most recent version of the language pack from the Web and installs it. This is why Moodle must be connected to the Web to use this feature. If Moodle is not connected, you will need to download the language pack and copy it into the /lang directory yourself.

If you don’t see the language you want on the list of Available language packs, either it’s not available in the official Moodle site, or your list of available languages is out of date. Click to update this list. If the language doesn’t appear, it’s not available from official sources.

Summary

In this article, we have seen how Moodle website supports different languages and how to configure these different languages. This feature can be particularly useful while designing courses for students who come from different ethnic backgrounds. Language support can not only make the website more friendlier but also makes it more easy to browse.

This article has been extracted from: Moodle 1.9 E-Learning Course Development

A complete guide to successful learning using Moodle Updated for Moodle version 1.9 Straightforward coverage of installing and using the Moodle system Working with Moodle features in all learning environments A unique course-based approach focuses your attention on designing well-structured, interactive, and successful courses Configure site settings, set up the front page, create user accounts, and create courses For more information, please visit: http://www.PacktPub.com/learning-moodle-1-9-course-development/book

If your Moodle site has been attacked in this way there is a simple script available in the Moodle Tracker (Issue MDL-17144) that will allow you to search for user accounts containing cstrings commonly found in this kind of spam. In addition, you may wish to take a look at Reducing spam in Moodle in the Moodle docs.

http://oakridge-online.co.uk

The Oakridge Centre is a prestigious Cheshire-management training consultancy with such clients as AstraZeneca, Molnyke, City College Manchester,Friends Provident, United Utilities and more…

Oakridge approached me in 2006 to help them realise the expansion of their training provision to an online and blended learning model. I was initially responsible for setting up a Moodle-based online training management facility that is know known as Oakridge Online. I continue to support Oakridge by providing systems administration services, online course development consultancy and technical and e-learning support for the Oakridge Online time and their clients.

This work involves the application of the following skills and technologies:

• PHP programming and MySQL administration
• e-learning principles and pedagogy
• Unix (Linux) system administration
• Apache web server administration
• Moodle hosting, configuration and development